Pros And Cons Of The Patriot Act - 1354 Words

The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) is one of the most controversial pieces of legislation to ever pass through the US Senate. Its critics use fear mongering tactics to scare people into opposition of an intrusive police state which they believe is inevitable given the government’s new powers. They consider the Act an assault on civil liberties and an invasion of the privacy of innocent American citizens. Yet the real issue is not that the government now has new powers, it’s that the American people do not trust our intelligence agencies to handle these new powers properly while still respecting their rights. The main criticisms of the†¦show more content†¦He called this collection a â€Å"logical program† (qtd. In Isikoff), although when pressed for any examples of this database being used to stop terror attacks, Stone replied simply, â€Å"We found none .† The thing about the Patriot Act that is truly terrifying, is â€Å"the lack of government candor in describing its implementation† (Lithwick and Turner). This means that the American people don’t trust their government to use their powers as the people were told they would be. While many claim that the Patriot Act is an attack on Americans’ civil liberties, there is a strong case for the Act and the changes it brings. An article published in the Washington Post looks at the claims made by the ACLU and systematically pokes gaping holes in them. For one, the claim that NSLs can be issued without a judge’s approval is only partially true. While a normal search warrant is issued to law enforcement by a civilian judge, â€Å"the FBI can do nothing under Section 215 without the approval of a federal court.†(Mac Donald, In Defense). The idea of a federal judge issuing an NSL to spy on someone who â€Å"wrote a letter to the editor that criticize d government policy(Mac Donald, In Defense) as the ACLU claims, is inconceivable. Another critique made by the ACLU is against the Act’s â€Å"Sneak and Peek† provision. While described as a blatant power grab by the government, there is a long precedent for the delay of notice regarding a search warrant. Especially when such aShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Patriot Act1304 Words   |  6 Pageson September 11th.The USA patriot act came into effect in order to safeguard the nation from the possible terrorist activities after the dreadful that dreadful day. The USA Patriot act allowed for the various security officers to search homes or business enterprises of any suspect without the owner’s consent, and also allows the FBI to wiretap and have access to certain financial information without the individuals consent. There has been a lot of controversy over the act, because some say it is aRead MorePros And Cons Of The Patriot Act1875 Words   |  8 Pagesth is essay I will discuss the pros and the cons of the Patriot Act, how it affected the lives of US citizens and the world, and whether or not it fits within our democratic form of government. The Patriot Act was a rapidly drafted and approved Act of Congress which was intended to increase the security of US citizens by combatting terrorism. Although granting increased security to an extent, the Act was and still is extremely controversial due to certain parts of the Act limiting the freedoms of AmericanRead MorePros and Cons on the Patriot Act Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesUSA Patriot Act This Act may be cited as the Uniting and Strengthening America Act by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism. President Bush signed the Patriot Act on October 29, 2001. It passed and with no debate voted on; many members of congress did not fully read the act. Due to the anthrax scare many Congressman did not have access to their offices. Attorney General John Ashcroft silenced any debate by warning that anyone who contested the Act would beRead MoreThe Patriot Act; Agree of Disagree877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Patriot Act: Agree or Disagree Amanda Collier ENG/215 August 27, 2012 Bruce Massis The Patriot Act: Agree or Disagree President George W. Bush signed into law on October 26, 2001 The USA PATRIOT Act. The title of the Act is a letter acronym: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (PUBLIC LAW 107–56—OCT. 26, 2001) This Act was written to prevent and punish terrorist acts here in the United States as wellRead MoreWhere Do You Stand on the Usa Patriot Act?1068 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica s core freedoms. Congress passed the USA Patriot Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) in 2001 just weeks after the attacks, with the intention of helping law enforcement act more effectively in investigating potential terrorists. However, this act may do more harm than good. Some groups, such as the American Library Association, state that the act infringes on Fourth Amendment rights guaranteed to us inRead MoreMinorities and Women in Criminal Justice1064 Words   |  5 PagesStates. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentation of minorities in the Juvenile Justice system. Read MoreThe United States Patriot Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesKaylyn Dailey 11/27/16 Professor Carter American Gov. Term Paper Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across the country and out of this fear came the UnitingRead MoreGrand Canyon Jus 505 All Week Discussions - Latest 2015748 Words   |  3 Pageswhether the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 after a 4-year hiatus did or did not result in an empirically verified deterrent. Explain if you are in favor of or against the death penalty. Support your position What would be the pros and cons of abolishing the death penalty? Support your answer with specifics. week 6 Does parens patriae truly still exist under the current U.S. juvenile justice system? Explain why you feel the way you do. Give examples to support your claims. Read MoreTechnology Has Become An Important Factor For Day1903 Words   |  8 Pagesthe government invading that bubble of personal space. The Patriot Act legalized mass surveillance in America in 2002. The Act was passed by President W. Bush, and remains a relevant controversial topic. The government s point of view of the Act is, â€Å"The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug trafficking, according to the government’s justice website. The Act was passed a month and a half after the devastating 9/11 terroristRead MoreTaking a Look at Government Surveillance2224 Words   |  9 Pagesrepeal The Olmstead v. United States in Katz v. United States were the court considered that any possessions of that person is now off limits, even calls or messages unless they have a warrant. Which in 1968, The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets act was passed by congress that restricts wiretapping, adding an exception to that rule if the president orders it and if it is to protect America. 1972, President Nixon gets caught for his involvement with the Watergate scandal, and was the first president

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 833 Words

Page 1 of 3Hai Nguyen John Proctor and the McCarthyism â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller illustrates the reflection of the anti-communist hysteria in the United States known as McCarthyism. Miller uses the character John Proctor as a force in demonstrating the way lives were destroyed by McCarthyism. Throughout the story, while Proctor is respected in the community, he has conflict secretly with many people as well as himself. John Proctor is a perfect character because the readers are able to view him as a victim in the society where McCarthyism took place. He is also an adulterer, husband of Elizabeth, and knows what is happening in and outside of the Salem society. Proctor was having a conflict with his wife, Elizabeth Proctor. Elizabeth did not trust John because he had an affair with Abigail Williams. Elizabeth was supposed to trust John, but she refused to because he said he was alone with Abigail for a moment. John cannot say or argue against Elizabeth because of his guilt:† Because it speaks deceit, and I am honest! But I will plead no more! I see how your spirit twists around the single error of my life, and I will never tear it free!† Elizabeth tried to make John feel guilt, so John wanted to make sure she understood her cold nature may have prompted his cheating. He also has conflict with Abigail Williams which is his mistress. John Proctor was so angry because Abigail accused his wife to witchcraft. She sent Mary Warren with a puppet that has needle inside itsShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court sys tem in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Paranoid Personality Disorders Essay Example For Students

Paranoid Personality Disorders Essay Paranoid Personality DisordersParanoid Personality Disorder is a disorder commonly mistaken forschizophrenic personality disorders. Schizophrenia, a psychosis, is when aperson is has an image of a world and its transpiring events, and he/she isliving it. Paranoid Personality Disorder, however, is a neurosis where anindividual is living in the real world. This disorder, though not asdebilitating as other disorders, can still devastate a someones life. Individuals with this Paranoid Personality Disorder always assume thatother people are out to get them even if there is no evidence that this istrue. They are constantly doubting others around them and scrutinizing everyaction. This attitude is taken on towards all people, like friends orassociates, not only strangers. For these reasons, people with this personalitydisorder rarely confide in people and are actually amazed if someone showsloyalty. However, this amazement also gives way to disbelief and falls backtowards the idea that this newfound loyalty is part of a plot to cause harm. Those of with the disorder also tend to bear their grudges and unwillingto forgive. They nurture their grudges and anger, which over time, gives themmore of a sense that it is the outside world which the problem, not themselves. At times, these individuals may also conjure up flamboyant illusions to confirmtheir behavior toward others. These feelings are also carried out towards family as well. One examplecould be as if a person with this personality disorder had a spouse or sexualpartner, this individual constantly thinks that their partner or spouse ischeating on them. Often, the spouse or partner is barraged with questionsquestioning their whereabouts, faithfulness, or intentions. It is believed that these symptoms first appear usually during childhoodor adolescence. Those believed to be most prone are loners, those who areunable to maintain stable relationships with others, social anxiety, sometimesunderachieve in school, are hypersensitive, have strange thoughts and language,and (as stated before) fantasies. To normal people, individuals with thisparanoid personality disorder may seem out of place and commonly attract teasing. Those usually affected by these symptoms are usually those who are ofminority groups, immigrants, refugees, or people with different ethnicbackgrounds. The reason for this is because these people are unfamiliar withthese new and different concepts. These individuals may have a language problem,or unfamiliar with local customs and/or laws. Problems such as these maygenerate anger and mistrust among the individuals, and are paranoid, but notnecessarily someone with the Paranoid Personality Disorder. The reason beingthis person still places trust in the family and may have friends. However, tolegally have this disorder, one must show the symptoms listed above, and becompletely suspicious and hostility toward others. Another possibility widely being speculated upon is the brain. In thebrain, there are many chemicals, and for the brain to function correctly, theremust a balance of each type of chemical. As of now, scientists dont knowexactly which chemicals are responsible, but are optimistic. There is also evidence suggesting that there is an increased possibilitythat someone with a relative that suffers from chronic Schizophrenia(specifically Persecutory and Delusional Type) is more likely to developParanoid Personality Disorder. Among people in the United States, there is a relatively smallpercentage of people with this disorder. In the general population, there isapproximately 0.5%-2.5% with Paranoid Personality Disorder. In inpatientsettings, the prevalence is much high than in outpatient settings. Forinpatients psychiatric settings, the percentage ranges from 10%-30%, as opposedto 2%-10% in the outpatient mental health clinics. Of those diagnosed with thisdisorder, there are more males reported to have this disorder than females,though the reason is not known why. .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .postImageUrl , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:hover , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:visited , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:active { border:0!important; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:active , .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960 .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8497ae471913e0cffd97b065ef508960:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jim Morrison and Susan Sontag EssayThese statistics are of those reported, therefore there may be a greaterpercentage in the world. People with personality disorders such as this tendnot to seek treatment. When they do go to a therapists office, it is usuallyon the initiative of a spouse or a problem arising from their child. Unfortunately, these individuals are resistant to treatment, even when theyenter therapy voluntarily. Though not much is known about a cure for the Paranoid PersonalityDisorder, there treatments performed in an attempt to reduce the extremity ofthe disorder. One method that can be used is reinforcement of adaptivebehaviors. Such as congratulations, or some sort of prize or comment to upliftthe persons morale hopefully change their thoughts about others. Anotherpossible treatment is psychotherapy or psychoanaylsis. The significance thesetwo are that the therapists are able to give the patient a

Oedipus Quotes Project free essay sample

She is a woman of pride, and ashamed of my low birth† (Sophocles41) This quote is very intriguing. Even after learning that Polybus is not his real father, he still doesn’t realize he is the son of his wife, he still believes he is of low birth. This line shows how â€Å"blind† Oedipus is to the truth, so much so that he believes he is of poor birth, instead of his true birth into royalty. This line truly captures the meaning or a tragic drama by blatantly showing how naive and unaware Oedipus is to his surroundings. I too have felt this way though, been so blind to the truth that I myself would think things the complete opposite of what they really were. I think we do this either because we are so oblivious to what’s going on that the only answer we find true is the one furthest from truth, or subconsciously we do know the truth, but we fear and despise it so much so that we convince ourselves that the truth is anything and everything but what it truly is. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Quotes Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. †Your father killed his father, sowed his seed in her where he was sown as a seed, and did beget you in the selfsame place where he was once begotten. That is how men will talk. (Sophocles54) This is by far the saddest quote. In this scene Oedipus is talking to his daughters one last time before he leaves them for good. He’s telling them how they can never be married because of his mistakes. This is sad for his daughters because they are learning of the evils his father went through, and why he has sealed their fate to be without husband and without child for the rest of their lives. It is sadder for Oedipus because he has brought this upon his own seed. He must live with guilt for something he had no control of. This shows how one prophecy, one mans fate, can seal the fate of those around him. This line shows how tragic this story truly is. This quote raises the intriguing question that is; does everyone’s fate intertwine, making one fate for all man, as opposed to the fate of each individual being separate? 3. †Oh marriage, marriage, u gave me birth, and after I was born bore children to your child, and brought to light sons, fathers, brothers in a web of incest, than which men know nothing more abominable. †(Sophocles51) This is one of the deepest lines in the book. Here Oedipus has realized what he has done and is expressing what is going through his mind in this time of disgusted shock. This is deep because of how disturbing it is. His sons are now his brothers, their mother now their grandmother. They are the product of pure abomination, incest. This thing that fate finds to be what is right also happens to be one thing that the society witch man has created frowns upon most. This gives us incite between the struggles of mans perception of right, and that of fate. This passage opened me up to this struggle, a struggle most never realize exists. 4. †Konowledge and pain; they hurt equally. I wish your path and mine had never crossed. †(Sophocles50) This is what the chorus said to Oedipus after they learned the truth. This line is interesting because it shows how people can change their views so quickly. The towns people in the beginning of the book stoop by Oedipus no mater what he said, they told him they would follow. But once they find out the evils of his life, they wish away ever even meeting him. This symbolizes how society works. We may love an idol, a position of power, but when we find out what they have done. The wrongs of their actions, we denounce everything we once thought of them. This quote is also deep because it conveys the truth that knowledge can hurt as much as pain itself. That knowing something can be as harsh as any physical punishment. 5. †But no-one blinded my eyes but myself, in my own grief. What use are eyes to me, who could never see anything pleasant again? †(Sophocles49) This quote is from Oedipus right after he cuts his own eyes out. This line is very insightful. When someone suffers something so dramatic, they lose all hope. When someone is so sad everything they see makes them sad. Oedipus felt he had to gouge his eyes out. This line made me shiver when I read it, because it shows that Oedipus knows that he has been naive and wrong, that his life’s problems are his own wrong doing. I think that people should take a note from Oedipus. Everyone needs to realize that the problems in their lives are of their own doing and no one else’s. I’m not saying we should all remove our eyes, but we should take responsibility for our actions. 6. †I have been born where I should not be born, I have married where I should not marry, I have killed whom I should not kill; now all is clear† (Sophocles47) This quote comes from Oedipus after the herdsman confirms his darkest fear, that Jocasta is his mother. This quote is the turning point of the book. It is the point of realization for Oedipus. This stands out because of how powerful it is, when reading this passage, u grasp the magnitude of this play, u feel what Oedipus feels. This passage reminds me of times when I have feared things, only to find that my suspicions were true. From that point on, I, like Oedipus, realized what was true, and had to accept it. This quote really opens the reader’s eyes to what is going on in Oedipus’s mind. 7. †People of this city, look, this man Oedipus, who guessed the famous riddle, who rose to greatness, envy of all in the city who say his good fortunes. And now what a fearful storm of disaster has struck him. † This is the perfect passage for Oedipus Rex. This is from the end of the book, where the chorus is giving an exit to the play. This line is so powerful because it truly sums up Oedipus. It shows no matter how powerful, envied, and worshiped a man may be, a turn for the worse can bring them down, and then they have nothing. It means we should not try to be great, and worry about how others see us, or about being great, but to worry about ourselves as an individual and to plan for the worse. This quote really brings the play together, and leaves the reader with a feeling of enlightenment. That’s what this tragedy is all about

Juvenile Court Systems

Juvenile Court Systems Free Online Research Papers Our juvenile court systems have come a long way. Juveniles sometimes need help to get there life’s in order and track. There are various ways for juveniles to get the help they may need to get back on track The major difference between our juveniles and the adults they commit crimes is that there are many private facilities for the juveniles. There are different types of facilities that can and do benefit our juveniles we have many short-term facilities for examples like shelters and detention centers, diagnostic centers and reception. You also have the Long-term facilities boot camps half way houses group homes and many more. There are so many options that a juvenile has but are not limited to psychiatric hospitals private institutions. Correctional programs are designed as an option that gives the offender with official approval and management in a commune place location than being in a jail house. Commune based correction came about in the 1960’s, but through the early 1970’s and 1960’s federal grants were presented to community correction programs. Then they began expand, but â€Å"cbc† was only suppose to be in the vicinity of the eight judicial districts. Some programs may offer the offenders an education which is known as a halfway house for juveniles to live together and go to school, work with guardianship and therapy. Correction centers are mostly for juveniles that are considered status offenders. Theses juveniles are the ones that are charged with an offense that the court see as an adult may do. Things like a juvenile that runs away from home, breaking the curfew violations, skipping school underage drinking, , or beyond a parents control. When a child gets there first Statu s offender charge they are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but once the juvenile has violated a court order they are labeled a delinquent and they will be sent to a detention center or corrections facility. There is a children’s home in my area called The United Methodist Children’s Home. The home provides many services for all types of kids. Lot of the youths in the home is referred by division of family and children services and also private referrals are accepted. The average stay in the home is around 18 months. The home helps with campus care group care, independent living programs, short-term family housing, foster care, transitional living program, counseling, education foster adopt programs and much more. The facility is not mainly for juveniles that have committed crimes but for the ones that have nothing else and 9 times out of 10 will turn to crime. The home helps kids see that there are people that can and will help them see what else there is out there to keep them out of trouble. It helps them get an understanding on life and the positive things in life. It gets them ready to live in the real world. The value of a detention center is reliant to lead us to deal with the issues the juvenile will confront. The juvenile detention center isn’t like the group homes or shelters in a secure facility but the juvenile is only placed there for a provisional point of time until legal action is taken. Juvenile detention facilities are here to up hold youths in the juvenile justice system that are waiting to go to court and are also waiting to hear the decisions like hearing, probation, confinement or community service. Juveniles are also sent to a detention centers by court order, most of the time it is no more than 120 days. Juveniles are put in detention facilities under court order, if they cannot be sent home, or to prevent them from harming themselves or others. We have many youth detention centers in our area. Sad to say but it is a good thing because we need them but the fact that we have so many is a sign that we have a lot of juveniles that have to be sent there. We have one in the metro are in Atlanta called Metro Regional Youth detention center and also one closer in Warner Robins called Houston county Youth detention center. They both have a lot in common. In my area they all are ran pretty much the same. the community detention centers are programs provides a non secure alternative to detention in a regional detention center there programs consist of in home supervision at which until the child goes to court they are allowed to stay at home then there is electronic monitoring this is when the child wears a leg monitor and is not allowed to leave home after a certain time. In my area we also have what you call alternative schools this is for kid that get in repeated trouble at there regular school. In my opinion this is a step before a child gets into serious trouble and has to go to a real detention center. When a child get into trouble at school they are sent to alternative school so they will be able to bet there education but they are being punished at the same time for what they have done at regular school. In my opinion juvenile are given many choices and chance to get there life’s together before they become adults and end up in prison and treated like adults. References Houston County Detention Center. (2009). Houston County. Retrieved May 8, 2009, from houstoncountyga.com/government/sheriff/sheriff-detention-center.aspx Metro Regional Youth Detention Center. (). Education.com. Retrieved May 8, 2009, from education.com/schoolfinder/us/georgia/atlanta/metro-regional-youth-detention-center/ Research Papers on Juvenile Court SystemsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Visas para enfermeras para trabajar en Estados Unidos

Visas para enfermeras para trabajar en Estados Unidos Las visas para enfermeras extranjeras para trabajar en Estados Unidos son relativamente frecuentes debido a la escasez de profesionales en ese campo. Existen varios caminos para trabajar, aunque se han reducido desde que se dejase expirar el programa bajo el cual se concedà ­an las visas H-1C, pensado precisamente para este tipo de personal sanitario. Sin embargo, todavà ­a es posible conseguir legalmente un puesto de trabajo en un hospital o clà ­nica. A continuacià ³n se informa sobre la situacià ³n actual de enfermerà ­a en EE.UU. y se explican las distintas opciones migratorias para enfermeras extranjeras que desean venir a trabajar en este paà ­s. Escasez de enfermeras en Estados Unidos Se calcula que 3,9 millones de enfermeras trabajan en la actualidad en Estados Unidos en las diferentes categorà ­as de enfermerà ­a. Segà ºn la Asociacià ³n Nacional de Enfermerà ­a, de ahora al aà ±o 2024 dejarn de trabajar 690.000 enfermeras por jubilacià ³n y por cambio de profesià ³n. Adems, debido al envejecimiento rpido de la poblacià ³n la Oficina de Estadà ­sticas de Trabajo del gobierno estima que se necesitar que un 1.200.000 enfermeras entren a trabajar si no se quiere agravar el problema de escasez de profesionales de enfermerà ­a. Una de las formas de paliar la falta de enfermeras es permitir la contratacià ³n de personal extranjero. Las opciones varà ­an de patrocinio de una tarjeta de residencia a varias posibles visas. Cabe destacar que sin el adecuado documento migratorio no es posible trabajar en Estados Unidos. En la actualidad, la mayorà ­a de enfermeras extranjeras que trabajan en EE.UU. proceden de Filipinas, India, Canad, Corea del Sur, Irlanda, Australia y Reino Unido, sin embargo, existe una necesidad evidente por un mayor nà ºmero de enfermeras de origen hispano ya que en la actualidad sà ³lo el 4,9 por ciento se identifican como a este grupo à ©tnico. Tarjeta de residencia por trabajo para enfermeras extranjeras Sacar la tarjeta de residencia por patrocinio de un empleador estadounidense es un proceso largo y laborioso, pero al completarlo la enfermera podr quedarse de por vida, si asà ­ lo desea, a vivir en Estados Unidos ya que ser titular de una green card. Los trmites pueden tomar entre 12 y 18 meses, aunque dependiendo del paà ­s de origen puede llevar ms. Adems de la oferta de trabajo, la enfermera necesitar ser diplomada universitaria en esa carrera, ser el equivalente al Registered Nurse americano y bien aprobar un examen estatal que certifique sus conocimientos o aprobar el difà ­cil examen conocido como NCLEX u obtener una certificacià ³n que sà ³lo puede ser emitida por la Comission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing. Visa para enfermeras tipo H-1B Estos visados se conceden a profesionales y modelos y son particularmente populares entre las profesiones tecnolà ³gicas. Es muy comà ºn creer que las enfermeras no pueden acogerse a este tipo de visas, pero es un error. Es cierto que estas visas, cuando se conceden a profesionales, exigen estudios universitarios mà ­nimos de licenciatura, o lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como un bachelors degree. Pero lo cierto es que muchas enfermeras han estudiado ms all que la mera diplomatura. Adems es posible compensar la falta de estudios superiores con experiencia laboral pertinente. Otro problema que frecuentemente surge con la visa H-1B cuando se quiere para una enfermera es que Inmigracià ³n pide el certificado del estado para trabajar como paso para aprobar la solicitud de visa. Por otra parte, el estado pide como requisito tener un documento que permita trabajar en EE.UU. para otorgar la certificacià ³n. En este punto cabe destacar que los bufetes de abogados especialistas en esta visa saben encontrar soluciones a este tipo de problema. Adems, las visas H-1B son muy apreciadas porque se consideran de intencià ³n doble, desde el punto de vista migratorio. Esto es, permiten que se cambien por visas de inmigrante o residencias permanentes legales. Si no se hace este cambio a tarjeta de residencia permanente, que necesita el patrocinio de la empresa, los visados son vlidos por tres aà ±os, prorrogables por otros tres. El lado no positivo es que aunque con este tipo de visa se puede viajar y vivir en Estados Unidos junto con cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, estos no podrn trabajar salvo en casos muy especiales en los que ya est iniciado un trnsito hacia la tarjeta de residencia. Sin embargo, los hijos sà ­ que podrn estudiar. Cada aà ±o fiscal se pueden conceder hasta un total de 65,000 visados de este tipo, ms otros 20,000 adicionales para las personas que hayan realizado estudios de maestrà ­a o doctorado en EEUU. Adems hay 1,400 reservados para los nacionales de Chile. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que no hay là ­mite anual de visas de este tipo cuando el empleador es un organismo o institucià ³n oficial. En el caso de la sanidad la Clà ­nica Mayo es por ejemplo un importante patrocinador de este tipo de visados y no est sujeto a là ­mites de nà ºmero por aà ±o. Cabe destacar que muchos de los hospitales en el Top 10 para el tratamiento del cncer estn en esta categorà ­a. Incluso ofrecen estadà ­as temporales para el entrenamiento de personal sanitario extranjero. Visa TN para mexicanos Esta visa de trabajo solo aplica a ciudadanos mexicanos y canadienses ya que han sido creadas al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norte Amà ©rica. (NAFTA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Para beneficiarse de este visado hay que ser una Registered Nurse, no basta con tener simplemente la titulacià ³n de enfermerà ­a. El cà ³nyuge y los hijos pueden vivir en EEUU pero no estn autorizados para trabajar. Para los nacionales mexicanos es de interà ©s conocer  todas las profesiones que permiten  aplicar por una visa TN. Visado E-3 para nacionales de Australia Sà ³lo se pueden acoger a à ©l las enfermeras australianas y se conceden por un periodo de dos aà ±os que se puede incrementar por igual tiempo. Sus titulares podrn vivir en Estados Unidos acompaà ±ados de su familia inmediata. Se parecen mucho a las H-1B pero cuentan con la ventaja de que el cà ³nyuge de un titular de estas visas sà ­ puede obtener un permiso de trabajo. Como nota a tener en cuenta destacar que la E-3 es una de las visas de trabajo que ms rpidamente se tramitan. Ingresos medios de enfermeras Si te preguntas si tanto sacrificio merece la pena, estos son los ingresos anuales medios de las enfermeras en Estados Unidos segà ºn el tipo de especializacià ³n. En relacià ³n a los salarios es importante entender que hay grandes diferencias tambià ©n segà ºn los aà ±os de experiencia laboral, el lugar de trabajo e incluso el tipo de institucià ³n para la que se trabaja. Asimismo, hay que tener en cuenta que lo que realmente se gana puede estar muy influenciado por lo que se paga de impuestos, ya que varà ­an grandemente segà ºn el estado y a veces incluso segà ºn la ciudad o el condado. Agencias que contratan a enfermeras extranjeras Las enfermeras y enfermeros que desean trabajar en Estados Unidos y desean encontrar patrocinador pueden informarse con cualquiera de estas  10 agencias especializadas en reclutar enfermeras  de otros paà ­ses para trabajar en USA. Consejos sobre validacià ³n de estudios Las visas para enfermeras requieren un buen nivel de inglà ©s y los resultados que se exigen de los exmenes aceptados –TOEFL, IELTS o TOEIC- son altos. No sà ³lo basta leer y escribir bien, hay que entender y hablar muy aceptablemente. Se espera un gran nà ºmero de jubilaciones de personal sanitario americano a lo largo de esta dà ©cada, con lo que se pronostica que habr una gran necesidad de este tipo de profesionales extranjeros. Finalmente, los estudios necesitan ser validados correctamente y por organizaciones aprobadas para ello. Puntos clave EE.UU. sufre de escasez grave en profesionales de enfermerà ­aEs posible ser patrocinado por empresa para tarjeta de residencia permanenteLas enfermeras extranjeras pueden sacar visas H-1B, TN y E3 (solo australianos) Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Human Resource Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Human Resource Management at Work - Essay Example In this approach, there is not much focus on the human resource. The contemporary approach focuses on competencies and the employees’ commitment to the organisation. The principle behind the contemporary approach is that if the employees are happy, the organisation progresses too. Talents and capabilities of the employees are maximized, and are linked to the goals of the organisation. The contemporary approach is based on the principle that the people are the organisation’s greatest asset (Armstrong, 2006, p. 3). HRM provides effective management of the staff, retention, and turnover processes, and selection of employees that fit with both the organisational strategy and culture, and the cost effective utilisation of employees through investment in identified human capital. The first part of this paper focuses on theories and concepts, while the second part is concentrated on a particularly industry, the automotive industry, with Toyota as the particular organization battling the forces of organisational and external environment. The last part is a reflective diary which details this author’s personal experiences in the conduct of the research. The ‘universalist’ paradigm states that the purpose of the study of HRM is to improve the way that human resources are managed strategically within organisations. The aim is to improve organisational performance, as judged by its impact on the organisation’s corporate strategy (Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna, 1982; Huselid 1995, cited in Harris et al., 2003). Good HRM focuses on careful recruitment and selection methods, coupled with an effective training and development. Other contributing factors are a good communication process within the organisation, a well-defined job design, performance appraisal, and the motivation system for employees, which include performance standards, appraisal, etc. (Harris et al., 2003) The contextual paradigm searches

LAW OF CONSUMER PROTECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LAW OF CONSUMER PROTECTION - Essay Example Then the consequences for recovering and claiming damages with respect to the sale of goods under a hire purchase agreement will be discussed. The first problem of note appears to be a case of misrepresentation. Keith, the sales agent with whom Vic and Gaynor negotiated the purchase of the sofa from Funky Furniture with, represented to the couple that the sofa would fit through the internal doors of their home. This concern appeared to be a pre-condition of the contract for the sale of the sofa. Having convinced the pair that the sofa would fit through the internal doors of their home, Vic and Gaynor decided to enter into a hire purchase agreement for the purchase of the sofa. Under the law of contract, misrepresentation arises in situations where there is a communication of false facts which have the effect of inducing the party who is receiving the false representation to enter into legal obligations.1 A Misrepresentation can be made either negligently, fraudulently or innocently. The extent of the applicable remedies in respect of misrepresentation will depend on the type of misrepresentation made.2 In a typical case where misrepresentation is substantiated, the innocent party can if he/she desires, rescind the contract and/or make a claim for concurrent damages.3 Vic is required to prove that she relied on Keith’s misrepresentation or that she was induced to enter into the contract because of Keith’s misrepresentation.4 If however, Vic relied on her own judgment with respect to the sofa being able to fit into the internal doors of her home she cannot claim that she relied on Keith’s misrepresentation.5 On the facts of the case for discussion however, it appears that Vic did not rely on her own judgment since she questioned whether or not the sofa would fit into the interior doors. It was only after Keith assured her that it would that she entered into the contract for the purchase of the sofa.

Organization transformation Essay Example for Free

Organization transformation Essay The need for a change is almost there on a daily basis in corporations. This is accentuated by particularly by the advent of new technology like the internet and new management methods and new technologies (Wallace, 2007). This brings in new ways of doing jobs within the company and thus the workers are affected. Companies which initially used to have the traditional organization model have increasingly adopted they are better and more efficient and modern transformed organizational models. An organization provides a mean of utilizing individual capabilities within a team to accomplish what cannot be achieved by the aggregate attempts of team members working in isolation. The aims of forming corporations and organizations are to deliver goods or services to consumers in a way that at the conclusion of the deal profits and not losses can be realized. Organizational change is geared at achieving this and thus winning the hearts and minds of the target population while concurrently bringing about a changed behavior and work culture to the partakers. In response to this Organizational transformation, roles, skills, job descriptions and structure of the workforce need to be re-designed. The Southwest Gas Corporation Such a company that has embraced organizational change from the traditional one to the modern organization transformation is the southern gas corporation of Nevada. Having realized that all organizations and corporations are unique due to unique environment in which they operate and their mode and ways of operations they should be structured to accommodate unique problems and opportunities Southwest Gas Corporation is a company engaged in the business of purchasing, distributing and transporting natural gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers in Nevada state of the southwestern United States. The Gas Corporation has employed about 2,500 workers who serve at least 1. 8million customers in Arizona, Nevada and parts of California states. The company is an investor owned utility whose shares are traded in the New York Stock Exchange and the pacific stock exchange (South West Gas Corporation, 2007). The company has been implementing a five year organizational transformation with an aim of offering better services to the customers and improving the quality of he workers. With respect to transformation certain areas should be prioritized for instance in redefining the business model, integrating acquisitions, building infrastructure, reframing markets and managing talents. The southern gas corporation has taken comprehensive plan to change from the traditional to the transformed organizational model studies done on this company indicated that a positive correlation between the working conditions and the productivity of the workers exists . the results of the studies revealed that innate forces of human behavior may have a greater influence on organizations than do mechanistic incentive systems. In response to that study southern gas corporation have done an almost complete overhaul in areas to do with transport, billing, the accounting system, meter reading systems and the whole organization structure of the company since 2002. Effects Having undergone the organizational change to a more better and modern one saw a number of transformations in the work force. Every member of the workforce was subjected to month long refreshment training as a way of crating a new working atmosphere and as a way of orientating them to the new working tools. The remuneration package was revised to increase the morale of the workers. On the part of the infrastructure the offices and other working areas were renovated. The total reorganization of the offices this was to cater for the psychological aspect of the workers The Organizations adopted a vertical division of labor practice involving the administrators then below them the managers and supervisors and lastly at the base we have the workers. The principal function of top level administrators or executives generally is to plan long-term strategy and administer the middle managers whose work is to guide the day to day activities of the corporations and oversee implementation of the top level strategy. Low-level supervisors and laborers put the made strategy into action and carry out the immediate tasks needed to keep the corporation running. Thus, the South west gas corporation has become a formal with reference to the extent of formalization of rules that have been adopted within the organization structure. In formal organizations, a mild impersonal relationship between the workers and the company is viewed as the best environment suitable for achievements of organization’s objectives by the managerial staff. Here subordinates duties more clearly defined and workforce with different applicable skills are dispensed duties to their areas of specialization in the corporation. It is the duties of workers at the bottom level to perform the essential duties of the corporation with supervisory assistance from the managers. Subordinate staff deals generally with supply and production chain of the corporation . The managerial needs of the whole business process is overseen by the higher cadre staff that includes the supervisors and the administrators. Two important implications into the change in the organization procedure there was equity due to just fair and impartial treatment of all workers, the organization was more orderly since employees were arranged where they would be of most value to the corporation. Initiative was fostered by encouraging the employees to act on their own. Similarly the employees cultivated more attributes and etiquettes (South West Gas Corporation, 2007). Motivation should come from different incentives rather than letting monetary rewards be the sole motivators. The spirit of comradeship among the workers fostered devotion to a common cause. The behavioral change by the managers that allowed greater latitudes stimulated the workers. In general, transformation made workers to become more productive. Having been provided with the best working conditions the workers employees have become capable of effective self-direction yielding self-actualization and this was among the biggest rewards that organizations has provided to its employees. Similar the shares of the southern gas company at the New York stock exchange gained value. Use of improved service delivery systems for instance the better gas safety management systems reduced the number of gas accident cases recorded prior to the five year period. Due to a liberalized approach towards the workers in the by the management they were able to create their labour organization to looks for their own interests, thus enhancing growth of the labour union organizations. This amounted to increase in vocal power of the workers to demand their rights. Conclusion In the world today organizations are operating in an increasingly complex platform. Changing multiple dimensions and high rates globalization trends and the implications of the post-industrial information age are driving these corporations to revolutinalize themselves (Wallace, 2007). The end product of this transformation is a successful company with competent work force. However, organizational transformation should not stop with the end of the project duration. During the benefit realizations stage of the lifecycle, emphasis should be continued on the need to encourage the workers and the community to adapt to the new ways of working and get the most from the system change.

ACG 2021, Introduction to Financial Accounting, Summer 2001, Exam 3 Final :: UFL Florida Business Accounting

2021FNLSM01A 7/18/01 Page 1 ACG 2021 FINAL EXAM SUMMER 2001 NAME _____________________________________ SS# ____________________________ Instructions: NOW: Bubble in your section number on your Scan Sheet. Fill in your name and social security number on this examination and your scan sheet. 1. Listen carefully for any comments your proctor may have related to the exam. Read these instructions carefully. Failure to do so may result in your losing points. 2. This exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions, each worth two points for a total of 120 points. Select the BEST answer and mark the appropriate space on the scan sheet with a #2 pencil only. You MUST keep your scan sheet face down on the desk when you are not filling it in. 3. You may use ONLY a non-programmable calculator during the exam. Use of any other calculator will be considered a violation of the honor code. Your exam will be taken from you and you will receive a grade of 0. 4. At the end of 2Â ½ hours, you will be told to stop. Put your pencils down IMMEDIATELY. Failure to do so will result in your receiving a zero for the exam. 5. The exam consists of 20 pages, including this cover, present value tables and a blank page at the end. Make sure you have all pages and all questions. 6. Have your University of Florida Identification card ready to be checked when you turn in your exam. 7. Assume the accounting entities use a calendar year unless otherwise noted. 8. Assume a 360-day year. 9. When you are finished, turn in your scan sheet, as well as your exam. Answers will be posted on the web after the exams are handed back in class. 10. The University of Florida policy on academic honesty will be strictly enforced. When you are told to open your exam, turn to the first page and find your exam code. Immediately bubble this in on your scantron. 2021FNLSM01A 7/18/01 Page 2 EXAM CODE = A Use the following to answer questions 1-3: Bennett Industries purchased a large piece of equipment from Crumpet Company on January 1, 2001. Bennett signed a note, agreeing to pay Crumpet $400,000 for the equipment on December 31, 2003. The market rate of interest for similar notes was 8%. The present value of $400,000 discounted at 8% for three years is $317,520. On January 1, 2001, Bennett recorded the purchase with a debit to equipment for $317,520 and a credit to notes payable for $317,520. 1. On Bennett's 2001 year-end balance sheet, the book value of the liability for notes payable related to this purchase would equal A) $317,520. B) an amount less than $317,520.

A Passage to India disseminates a horde

E.M.Forster in his celebrated novel A Passage to India disseminates a horde of messages, one of which is liberal-humanistic attitude that can help stall SEPARATION, which is again a major theme of the novel. Like Whitman’s cry â€Å"Passage to more than India†, Forster’s novel is more than an historical novel about India: it is a prophetic work in which Forster is concerned not only with the path to greater understanding of India but also with man’s quest for truth and understanding of the universe he lives in.Forster shows in the novel how man’s attempts to create unity are continually dominated and shattered by forces he cannot control. On this theme of Separation, Lionel Trilling comments, â€Å"The theme of separateness of fences and barriers , the old theme of   Pauline epistles, which runs through all Forster’s novels is in A Passage to India, hugely expanded and everywhere dominant.† The separation of race from race, sex, cult ure from   culture is what underlies every relationship.In this context, the most obvious of these separations is that between the Indians and the English. The earlier part of the novel is concerned with showing the wide gulf between the rulers and the ruled, between the white Englishmen and the colored Indians.As pointed out in the first chapter of the novel, Chandrapore is divided into two sections: the English Civil Station and the Native Section, the one having nothing to do with the other: the Civil   Station â€Å"shares nothing with the city except the overarching sky.† This division in landscape is symptomatic of the wide gulf that separates the rulers from the ruled. â€Å"Is it possible to be friends with an Englishman ?†the Indians ask and Forster’s answer in the novel is a clear NO as long as the English remain unfeeling, proud and autocratic towards the Indians. Even the Bridge Party thrown to bridge the gulf   between the English and the Indi ans ends in a fiasco. After having invited the Indians to the Bridge Party ,the English do not bother to go out and meet them.It goes without saying that after such humiliation, the Indians harbor nothing but a collective attitude of fear and hatred in response to the collective attitude of contempt shown by the Englishmen. Love and fraternal feelings could have been the right way of treating the modest Indians, feels Forster.Another dramatic   instance of separation in the novel is that which comes to exist between Aziz and Fielding. Here is a crucial situation in which an Englishman sets aside his snobbishness and attempts a genuine rapport with a warm, impulsive Indian, and yet final understanding is shown to be impossible. It is, perhaps, because the primary barrier between them had been their identities: one a member of the ruler class while the other was a member of the subject race. As Arnold Kettle points out, there are political pressures of imperialism which distort the relationship between Aziz and Fielding.But the ebb and flow   of their relationship is disturbed by more serious factors—differences of background and values by the clash of standards on beauty, propriety and emotional expression. â€Å"Kindness, kindness and more kindness†Ã¢â‚¬â€this prescription of Aziz about the racial problem does not seem to go a long way ;a trust in the power of affectionate friendship is not enough to bridge the growing hiatus between close friends even.Further there is the glaring contrast in their characters :between the liberal Englishman â€Å"traveling light† and the impulsive Aziz rooted in â€Å"society and Islam.† While goodwill and spontaneous affection breaks down the initial barriers between them, there are signs that Fielding’s immature imagination   and Aziz’s sensitiveness are going to bode ill for their future relationship.And this is what exactly happens later. Misunderstanding crops up between th em in their attitudes towards Adela and leads to the break in their relationship.After Aziz’s release from the prison, Fielding asks Aziz to withdraw the brutally revengeful demands clamped on Adela   Ã‚  and Aziz refuses and they part ways. When they are reunited at the end ,their ways of life have changed too radically –Fielding supporting the Anglo Indians and   Aziz   ,Indian nationalism.Apart from these major schisms there are other minor separations and gaps in the novel . Men themselves are segregated from the rest of the creation. Young Mr. Sorley ,an advanced Christian Missionary ,accepts that God in his divine love brooks no separations and will extend his hospitality to the animals too, to the monkeys and jackals. But he is less sure about wasps and cannot at all admit into Divine Unity things like â€Å"oranges, cactuses, crystals and mud.Or for that matter the â€Å"bacteria inside Mr. Sorley’s head!† â€Å"We must exclude something f rom our gathering or we shall be left with nothing†, he nervously insists. And yet the forced exclusion is inane because men, after all, are only a small part of Creation: â€Å"It matters so little to the majority of living beings what the majority that calls itself human , desires or decides.†

Animal Nutrition: Distinguish Macronutrients and Micronutrients Essay

There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamin, and water. These nutrient classes can be categorized as either macronutrients (needed in relatively large amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water. The micronutrients are minerals and vitamins. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in joules or calories (sometimes called â€Å"kilocalories† and on other rare occasions written with a capital C to distinguish them from little ‘c’ calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram.,[1] though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons. A third class dietary material, fiber (i.e., non-digestible material such as cellulose), seems also to be required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, though the exact reasons remain unclear. Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to glycerolbackbone. Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet: they cannot be synthesized in the body. Protein molecules contain nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The fundamental components of protein are nitrogen-containing amino acids, some of which areessential in the sense that humans cannot make them internally. Some of the amino acids are convertible (with the expenditure of energy) to glucose and can be used for energy production just as ordinary glucose. By breaking down existing protein, some glucose can be produced internally; the remaining amino acids are discarded, primarily as urea in urine. This occurs normally only during prolonged starvation. Family| Sources| Possible Benefits| flavonoids| berries, herbs, vegetables, wine, grapes, tea| general antioxidant, oxidation of LDLs, prevention of arteriosclerosis and heart disease| isoflavones (phytoestrogens)| soy, red clover, kudzu root| general antioxidant, prevention of arteriosclerosis and heart disease, easing symptoms of menopause, cancer prevention[18]| isothiocyanates| cruciferous vegetables| cancer prevention| monoterpenes| citrus peels, essential oils, herbs, spices, green plants, atmosphere[19]| cancer prevention, treating gallstones| organosulfur compounds| chives, garlic, onions| cancer prevention, lowered LDLs, assistance to the immune system| saponins| beans, cereals, herbs| Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia, Antioxidant, cancer prevention,Anti-inflammatory| capsaicinoids| all capiscum (chile) peppers| topical pain relief, cancer prevention, cancer cell apoptosis| ————————————————- Carbohydrates Carbohydrates may be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monomer (sugar) units they contain. They constitute a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, bread, and other grain-based products. Monosaccharides contain one sugar unit, disaccharides two, and polysaccharides three or more. Polysaccharides are often referred to as complex carbohydrates because they are typically long multiple branched chains of sugar units. The difference is that complex carbohydrates take longer to digest and absorb since their sugar units must be separated from the chain before absorption. The spike in blood glucose levels after ingestion of simple sugars is thought to be related to some of the heart and vascular diseases which have become more frequent in recent times. Simple sugars form a greater part of modern diets than formerly, perhaps leading to more cardiovascular disease. The degree of causation is still not clear, however. Fat A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturateddepending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. Many studies have shown that unsaturated fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, are best in the human diet. Saturated fats, typically from animal sources, are next, while trans fats are to be avoided. Saturated and some trans fats are typically solid at room temperature (such as butter orlard), while unsaturated fats are typically liquids (such as olive oil or flaxseed oil). Trans fats are very rare in nature, but have properties useful in the food processing industry, such as rancid resistance.[citation needed] Essential fatty acids Most fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so. However, in humans at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet. An appropriate balance of essential fatty acids -— omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids -— seems also important for health, though definitive experimental demonstration has been elusive. Both of these â€Å"omega† long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for a class of eicosanoids known as prostaglandins, which have roles throughout the human body. They are hormones, in some respects. The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g. weakly inflammatory PGE3). The omega-6 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) serves as a building block for series 1 prostaglandins (e.g. anti-inflammatory PGE1), whereas arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a building block for series 2 prostaglandins (e.g. pro-inflammatory PGE 2). Both DGLA and AA can be made from the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) in the human body, or can be taken in directly through food. An appropriately balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 partly determines the relative production of different prostaglandins: one reason a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is believed important for cardiovascular health. In industrialized societies, people typically consume large amounts of processed vegetable oils, which have reduced amounts of the essential fatty acids along with too much of omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3 fatty acids. The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membran es, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e. cell division). Good sources of essential fatty acids include most vegetables, nuts, seeds, and marine oils,[2] Some of the best sources are fish, flax seed oils, soy beans, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and walnuts. Fiber Dietary fiber is a carbohydrate (or a polysaccharide) that is incompletely absorbed in humans and in some animals. Like all carbohydrates, when it is metabolized it can produce four calories (kilocalories) of energy per gram. But in most circumstances it accounts for less than that because of its limited absorption and digestibility. Dietary fiber consists mainly of cellulose, a large carbohydrate polymer that is indigestible because humans do not have the required enzymes to disassemble it. There are two subcategories: soluble and insoluble fiber. Whole grains, fruits (especiallyplums, prunes, and figs), and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber. Fiber is important to digestive health and is thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer.[citation needed] For mechanical reasons it can help in alleviating both constipation and diarrhea. Fiber provides bulk to the intestinal contents, and insoluble fiber especially stimulates peristalsis — the rhythmic muscular contractions of the intestines which move digesta along the digestive tract. Some soluble fibers produce a solution of high viscosity; this is essentially a gel, which slows the movement of food through the intestines. Additionally, fiber, perhaps especially that from whole grains, may help lessen insulin spikes and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Protein Proteins are the basis of many animal body structures (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair). They also form the enyzmes which control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each molecule is composed of amino acids which are characterized by inclusion of nitrogen and sometimes sulphur (these components are responsible for the distinctive smell of burning protein, such as the keratin in hair). The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein retention) and to replace damaged proteins (maintenance). As there is no protein or amino acid storage provision, amino acids must be present in the diet. Excess amino acids are discarded, typically in the urine. For all animals, some amino acids are essential (an animal cannot produce them internally) and some are non-essential (the animal can produce them from other nitrogen-containing compounds). About twenty amino acids are found in the human body, and about ten of these are essential, and therefore must be included in the diet. A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations: during early development and maturation, pregnancy, lactation, or injury (a burn, for instance). A complete protein source contains all the essential amino acids; an incomplete protein source lacks one or more of the essential amino acids. It is possible to combine two incomplete protein sources (e.g. rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions. Sources of dietary protein include meats, tofu and other soy-products, eggs, grains, legumes, and dairy products such as milk and cheese. A few amino acids from protein can be converted into glucose and used for fuel through a process called gluconeogenesis; this is done in quantity only during starvation. The amino acids remaining after such conversion are discarded. Vitamins As with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins are recognized as essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is the exception: it can alternatively be synthesized in the skin, in the presence of UVB radiation.) Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not â€Å"essential† dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of different phytochemicals have recently been discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables), which may have desirable properties including antioxidant activity (see below); experimental demonstration has been suggestive but inconclusive. Other essential nutrients not classed as vitamins include essential amino acids (see above),choline, essential fatty acids (see above), and the minerals discussed in the preceding section. Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions: goitre, scurvy, osteoporosis, impaired immune system, disorders of cell metabolism, certain forms of cancer, symptoms of premature aging, and poor psychological health (including eating disorders), among many others.[6] Excess of some vitamins is also dangerous to health (notably vitamin A), and for at least one vitamin, B6, toxicity begins at levels not far above the required amount. Deficiency or excess of minerals can also have serious health consequences. Water About 70% of the non-fat mass of the human body is made of water[7] . Analysis of Adipose Tissue in Relation to Body Weight Loss in Man. Retrieved from Journal of Applied To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors.[citation needed] With physical exertion and heat exposure, water loss increases and daily fluid needs will eventually increase as well. It is not fully clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, although some experts assert that 8–10 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.[8] The notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.[9] The effect of, greater or lesser, water intake on weight loss and on constipation is also still unclear.[10] The original water intake recommendation in 1945 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council read: â€Å"An ordinary standard for diverse persons is 1 milliliter for each calorie of food. Most of this quantity is contained in prepared foods.†[11] The latest dietary reference intake report by theUnited States National Research Council recommended, generally, (including food sources): 2.7 liters of water total for women and 3.7 liters for men.[12] Specifically, pregnant and breastfeeding women need additional fluids to stay hydrated. According to the Institute of Medicine—who recommend that, on average, women consume 2.2 litres and men 3.0 litres—this is recommended to be 2.4 litres (approx. 9 cups) for pregnant women and 3 litres (approx. 12.5 cups) for breastfeeding women since an especially large amount of fluid is lost during nursing.[13] For those who have healthy kidneys, it is somewhat difficult to drink too much water,[citation needed] but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication, which can be fatal. In particular large amounts of de-ionized water are dangerous. Normally, about 20 percent of water intake comes in food, while the rest comes from drinking water and assorted beverages (caffeinated included). Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; including urine and feces, sweating, and by water vapor in the exhaled breath.

Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Kairos The Modes of Persuasion and How to Use Them

Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Kairos The Modes of Persuasion and How to Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos all stem from rhetoric- that is, speaking and writing effectively. You might find the concepts in courses on rhetoric, psychology, English, or in just about any other field! The concepts of ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos are also called the modes of persuasion, ethical strategies, or rhetorical appeals. They have a lot of different applications ranging from everyday interactions with others to big political speeches to effective advertising. Read on to learn about what the modes of persuasion are, how they’re used, and how to identify them! "Yes, Alexander, this will be on the test." What Are the Modes of Persuasion? As you might have guessed from the sound of the words, ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos go all the way back to ancient Greece. The concepts were introduced in Aristotle’s Rhetoric, a treatise on persuasion that approached rhetoric as an art, in the fourth century BCE. Rhetoric was primarily concerned with ethos, pathos, and logos, but kairos, or the idea of using your words at the right time, was also an important feature of Aristotle’s teachings. However, kairos was particularly interesting to the Sophists, a group of intellectuals who made their living teaching a variety of subjects. The Sophists stressed the importance of structuring rhetoric around the ideal time and place. Together, all four concepts have become the modes of persuasion, though we typically focus on ethos, pathos, and logos. If Einstein says it, it must be true. What Is Ethos? Though you may not have heard the term before, ‘ethos’ is a common concept. You can think of it as an appeal to authority or character- persuasive techniques using ethos will attempt to persuade you based on the speaker’s social standing or knowledge. The word ethos even comes from the Greek word for character. An ethos-based argument will include a statement that makes use of the speaker or writer’s position and knowledge. For example, hearing the phrase, â€Å"As a doctor, I believe,† before an argument about physical health is more likely to sway you than hearing, â€Å"As a second-grade teacher, I believe.† Likewise, celebrity endorsements can be incredibly effective in persuading people to do things. Many viewers aspire to be like their favorite celebrities, so when they appear in advertisements, they're more likely to buy whatever they're selling to be more like them. The same is true of social media influencers, whose partnerships with brands can have huge financial benefits for marketers. In addition to authority figures and celebrities, according to Aristotle, we’re more likely to trust people who we perceive as having good sense, good morals, and goodwill- in other words, we trust people who are rational, fair, and kind. You don’t have to be famous to use ethos effectively; you just need whoever you’re persuading to perceive you as rational, moral, and kind. Sad imagery is an example of pathos, which appeals to emotion. What Is Pathos? Pathos, which comes from the Greek word for suffering or experience, is rhetoric that appeals to emotion. The emotion appealed to can be a positive or negative one, but whatever it is, it should make people feel strongly as a means of getting them to agree or disagree. For example, imagine someone asks you to donate to a cause, such as saving rainforests. If they just ask you to donate, you may or may not want to, depending on your previous views. But if they take the time to tell you a story about how many animals go extinct because of deforestation, or even about how their fundraising efforts have improved conditions in the rainforests, you may be more likely to donate because you’re emotionally involved. But pathos isn’t just about creating emotion; it can also be about counteracting it. For example, imagine a teacher speaking to a group of angry children. The children are annoyed that they have to do schoolwork when they’d rather be outside. The teacher could admonish them for misbehaving, or, with rhetoric, he could change their minds. Suppose that, instead of punishing them, the teacher instead tries to inspire calmness in them by putting on some soothing music and speaking in a more hushed voice. He could also try reminding them that if they get to work, the time will pass quicker and they’ll be able to go outside to play. Aristotle outlines emotional dichotomies in Rhetoric. If an audience is experiencing one emotion and it’s necessary to your argument that they feel another, you can counterbalance the unwanted emotion with the desired one. The dichotomies, expanded upon after Aristotle, are: Anger/Calmness Friendship/Enmity Fear/Confidence Shame/Shamelessness Kindness/Unkindness Pity/Indignation Envy/Emulation Note that these can work in either direction; it’s not just about swaying an audience from a negative emotion to a positive one. However,changing an audience's emotion based on false or misleading informationis often seen as manipulation rather than persuasion. Getting into the hows and whys requires a dive into the ethics of rhetoric, but suffice to say that when you attempt to deceive an audience, that is manipulation. If you really want to get an audience fired up about something, you can inspire righteous anger, which may or may not be manipulation. If somebody is offended that you’ve asked them for something, you can try making them feel sorry for you by turning indignation into pity- that’s manipulation. Seems trustworthy, right? What Is Logos? Logos comes from a Greek word of multiple meanings, including â€Å"ground,† â€Å"speech,† and â€Å"reason.† In rhetoric, it specifically refers to having a sense of logic to your persuasion; logos-based rhetoric is founded in logic and reason rather than emotion, authority, or personality. A logic-based argument appeals to a person’s sense of reason- good logos-based rhetoric will persuade people because the argument is well-reasoned and based in fact. There are two common approaches to logos: deductive and inductive arguments. Deductive arguments build on statements to reach a conclusion- in effect, the conclusion is reached in reverse. A common method is to propose multiple true statements which are combined to reach a conclusion, such as the classic method of proving that Socrates is mortal. All men are mortal, and Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates must be mortal. That’s not really a case that needs to be argued, but we can apply the same framework to other arguments as well. For example, we need energy to live. Food gives the body energy. Therefore, we need food to live. All of this is based on things we can prove, and results in a conclusion that is true, not just theorized. Deductive reasoning works on the assumption that A = B, B = C, so therefore A = C. But this also supposes that all the information is true, which is not always the case. Sometimes the conclusions you reach with deductive reasoning can be valid, as in the reasoning makes sense, but the conclusion may not be necessarily true. If we return to the Socrates argument, we could propose that: All men eat apples. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates must eat apples. The problem is that we can’t prove that all men eat apples- some do, some don’t. Some might eat an apple once but never again. But based on our arguments, the conclusion that Socrates must eat apples is valid. A strong deductive argument for logos-based reasoning will be composed of provable facts that can reach a provable conclusion. However, a valid but not entirely sound argument can also be effective- but be wary of shifting from persuasion to manipulation! Another approach to logos-based rhetoric is inductive reasoning, which, unlike deductive reasoning, results in a probable argument rather than a definite one. That doesn’t mean that it is less effective- many scientific concepts we accept as truth are inductive theories simply because we cannot travel back in time and prove them- but rather that inductive reasoning is based on eliminating the impossible and ending in an argument that is based in sound logic and fact, but that may not necessarily be provable. For example, all people with a cough have a cold. Kelly has a cough. Therefore, Kelly likely has a cold. Our conclusion is likely, but not absolute. It’s possible that Kelly doesn’t have a cold- not because she doesn't have a cough, but because there are other possible causes, such as having allergies or having just breathed in some dust. The conclusion that she has a cold is likely based on data, but not absolute. Another example would be that Kelly picks her nose. Kelly is a woman, therefore all women must pick their nose. Inductive reasoning is based on generalizations. The first example, in which Kelly likelyhas a cold, makes sense because it’s based on something provable- that a sampling of people who have a cough have colds- and followed up with a likely conclusion. In the second example, this is a less sensible conclusion because it’s based on extrapolation from a single reference point. If we reverse the claim and say that all women pick their noses, and Kelly is a woman, therefore Kelly must pick her nose, that would be more sound logic. Still not necessarily true- not all women pick their noses- but a more sound example of inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning can still be incredibly effective in persuasion, provided that your information is well-reasoned. Inductive reasoning creates a hypothesis that can be tested; its conclusion is not necessarily true, but can be examined. As always, be wary of venturing into manipulation, which is more likely to be based on erroneous or misleading facts. Kairos is all about the right time and place. What Is Kairos? Kairos is the Greek word for the opportune moment, which is precisely what it means in rhetoric. According to this principle, the time in which an argument is deployed is as important as the argument itself. An argument at the wrong time or to the wrong audience will be wasted; to be effective, you must also consider when you are speaking and to whom. In effect, kairos means choosing the correct rhetorical device to match the audience and space in which you’re attempting to persuade. If you wanted to persuade people to go vegetarian, the middle of a hot dog-eating contest is probably not the right time. Likewise, you’re probably not going to persuade a room of data-driven scientists of something by appealing to pathos or ethos; logos is probably your best bet. In essence, kairos asks you to consider the context and atmosphere of the argument you’re making. How can you deploy your argument better considering time and space? Should you wait, or is time of the essence? As Aristotle famously said, â€Å"Anybody can become angry- that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way- that is not within everybody's power and is not easy.† The goal of kairos is to achieve exactly that. Effective use of kairos strengthens your persuasion ability by considering how people are already feeling based on context. How can you influence or counteract that? Or maybe pathos isn’t the right approach- maybe cold hard facts, using logos, is more suited. Kairos works in conjunction with the other modes of persuasion to strengthen your argument, so as you’re putting a persuasive piece together, consider how and when it’ll be deployed! Do a little detective work to figure out which mode of persuasion you're seeing. How to Identify Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and Kairos Understanding how the modes of persuasion work can make you better at identifying and picking them out. Not only is a better understanding of them useful for composing your own arguments, but it’s also beneficial when seeing other people’s arguments. When you understand how ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos work, you’re less susceptible to them. Advertising is one of the places we see the modes of persuasion most often. Looking at each of these advertisements, you can see how they use each mode of persuasion to convince audiences to convince an audience of something. Ethos Using celebrities is a classic example of ethos, which uses authority or recognition to convince an audience of something. In this case, celebrities like Michelle Obama, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Janelle Mone discuss the importance of voting. It doesn’t matter that they’re not politicians or political scientists; audiences find themappealing and genuine. When they speak of the importance of voting, audiences listen because they like what these figures have to say. If talented, famous people like this are taking the time to vote, it must be important! Historians or those well-versed in politics might make different arguments about why audiences should vote, but in this case, the goal is to inspire people. When we see people we admire doing things, we want to do them too; hence the reason that ethos works so well. Pathos ASPCA’s commercials are some of the most infamous examples of pathos in advertising. Sarah McLachlan’s â€Å"Angel† plays over footage of abused animals in shelters, encouraging viewers to donate money to support the organization. It’s not hard to understand why it works; both the song and the imagery are heartbreaking! You can’t help but feel sad when you see it, and that sadness, when followed up by a prompt to donate, encourages you to take immediate action.And these ads are effective- the campaign raised millions of dollars for ASPCA. By appealing to our emotions and making us feel sad, this advertisement encourages us to act. That’s a classic use of ethos- it influences our feelings through the one-two punch of sad music and imagery, encouraging us to perform the desired action. Logos In some cases, emotion and authority aren’t the right tactic. Logos often appears in tech advertisements, such as this one for the iPhone XS and XR. Notice how the advertisement focuses on product shots and technological terms. Most audiences won’t know what an A12 bionic neural engine is, but it sounds impressive. Likewise, that â€Å"12 MPf/1.8 wide-angle lens, with larger, deeper 1.4 micron pixels† is pretty meaningless to most people, but the numbers suggest that this phone is something special because it uses scientific-sounding language. It doesn’t matter whether audiences really understand what’s being said or not. What matters is that they feel confident that the ad is selling them something they need- in this case, impressive technological specifications that make this phone an improvement over others. Kairos Kairos should ideally factor into all uses of the modes of persuasion, but timeliness can also be a big selling point. In this Christmas-themed MMs advertisement, the company uses timely humor to forge a connection between the holidays and MMs. Because these commercials have been running for such a long time, there’s also a nostalgic attachment to them. Just as people look forward to new Budweiser advertisements during the Super Bowl, others look forward to seeing MMs or the Coca-Cola polar bear during the holidays. Though this commercial doesn’t go out of its way to tell you the benefits of MMs, it does forge a connection between MMs and Christmas, encouraging people to purchase them around the holidays. Enhance your persuasion by better understanding ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos. Examples of the Modes of Persuasion Now that you’ve had some exposure to how ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos function and what they can do, you can test your ability to recognize them using the images below! There are a few things to notice about this image: The anonymous figure The language The use of a statistic Can you figure out which mode of persuasion this represents? The fact that the figure is anonymous tells us it’s probably not ethos. While we might be influenced by a person who’s in shape, there’s not really an appeal here based on the person- they’re just an image to support the ad. â€Å"DOMINATE† is a pretty loaded word, suggesting that this may have elements of pathos. However, take a look at that statistic. Whether it’s true or not, a hard statistic like that suggests that this ad is using logos to appeal to viewers. You can draw out an argument from there- 75% of users lose weight within weeks. You’re a user. Therefore, you will likely lose weight within weeks. What do you notice about this image? The photo The way the text frames the woman’s body The name of the perfume The color choice What mode of persuasion is this? Again, we don’t know who the model is, and perfume isn’t going to make us look like her, so we can count ethos out. The ad seems pretty intent on making us look at certain things- the woman’s lips and chest in particular. What is it trying to make us feel? â€Å"FORBIDDEN FRUIT† has a connotation of sensuality. Red is a color commonly associated with passion. When you combine the photo, the framing, the perfume name, and the color, you get a strong sense of sex appeal from the advertisement. This makes it an example of pathos- the ad is trying to make us feel a certain way. If we buy this perfume, maybe we would feel attractive, too. How about this advertisement? A serious-looking photo Text promising â€Å"no more back pain† â€Å"Doctor recommended.† Seeing a doctor might make you tempted to think the answer is logos, but there’s no appeal to logic here. â€Å"No more back pain,† is a nice promise, but there’s no attempt to appeal to emotions, so it can’t be pathos. What’s important in this image is the combination of the doctor in the image and the line â€Å"doctor recommended.† This doctor might not be famous, but he does have authority, making this an example of ethos. Our confidence in this treatment grows because we trust that a doctor understands how to address back pain. What mode of persuasion is this?Think about: The framing The model The text She does look fashionable and the ad mentions stylists, so it’s possible that this is ethos. There are no statistics or arguments being made, so the answer probably isn’t logos. Pathos is possible, but despite having a heavily made-up model, this ad is far less about sex appeal than the previous one. But the text mentions a specific holiday- New Year’s- suggesting that this is kairos. Kairos can, and often should, be combined with all the modes of persuasion to be even more effective. In this case, the model’s appearance could suggest either ethos or pathos in addition to kairos. The message here is that you should act now, at the beginning of the year, to take advantage of the deal and to start the year off with a new style, much like the one the model is sporting. A crying child is almost certainly pathos. Key Tips for Identifying Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and Kairos Now that you know the difference between all the modes of persuasion, you’ll have a much easier time identifying them. If you run into trouble, you can always ask questions about what you’re seeing, hearing, or reading to understand what mode of persuasion it’s using. #1: Is It Related to a Specific Time? If the argument is based on a specific day or context, such as Valentine’s Day or appealing only to a select group of people, such as people with dogs, it’s more likely to be kairos. #2: Does It Involve a Celebrity or Authority Figure? Celebrities are often a dead giveaway that an argument is using ethos. But authority figures, such as doctors, dentists, or politicians, can also be used to appeal to ethos. Even regular, everyday people can work, particularly when combined with pathos, to appeal to you based on a mutual connection you have. #3: Does It Involve Statistics? Statistics are a huge clue that an argument is using logos. But logos can also just be a logical argument, such as that if plants need water, and it’s hard to remember to water them, you should buy an automatic plant waterer. It makes perfect sense, making you more likely to buy it, rather than changing your habits to remember to water your plants more frequently. #4: Does It Influence Your Emotions? If an argument tries to change your emotions, whether by making you sad, happy, angry, or something else entirely, it’s a good indicator that it’s using pathos. Sex appeal is one of the biggest examples of pathos in advertising, appearing everywhere from makeup ads to car commercials to hamburger advertisements. What’s Next? Need help understanding the historical context forThe Great Gatsby to perfect your kairos-based argument? You can always combine the modes of persuasion with literary devices to make your arguments even stronger! Learn how to say "good morning" in Japanese! Even if it's not a mode of persuasion, it's just good manners. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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